Who is the Queen of Bohemia?

Westminster Directory of Public Worship:

Of Publick Prayer Before the Sermon:
...
To pray for all in authority, especially for the King's Majesty; that God would make him rich in blessings, both in his person and government; establish his throne in religion and righteousness, save him from evil counsel, and make him a blessed and glorious instrument for the conservation and propagation of the gospel, for the encouragement and protection of them that do well, the terror of all that do evil, and the great good of the whole church, and of all his kingdoms; for the conversion of the Queen, the religious education of the Prince, and the rest of the royal seed; for the comforting of the afflicted Queen of Bohemia, sister to our Sovereign; and for the restitution and establishment of the illustrious Prince Charles, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, to all his dominions and dignities; for a blessing upon the High Court of Parliament, (when sitting in any of these kingdoms respectively,) the nobility, the subordinate judges and magistrates, the gentry, and all the commonality; for all pastors and teachers, that God would fill them with his Spirit, make them exemplarily holy, sober, just, peaceable, and gracious in their lives; sound, faithful, and powerful in their ministry; and follow all their labours with abundance of success and blessing; and give unto all his people pastors according to his own heart; for the universities, and all schools and religious seminaries of church and commonwealth, that they may flourish more and more in learning and piety; for the particular city or congregation, that God would pour out a blessing upon the ministry of the word, sacraments, and discipline, upon the civil government, and all the several families and persons therein; for mercy to the afflicted under any inward or outward distress; for seasonable weather, and fruitful seasons, as the time may require; for averting the judgments that we either feel or fear, or are liable unto as famine, pestilence, the sword, and such like.

The Westminster Directory of Public Worship is indeed a directory, and not a liturgy, as it states in the preface. One evidence for this appears in the fact that the form of public prayer before the sermon proposed as an example cites the names of specific individuals when it comes that section on praying for those in authority as commanded in 1 Tim. 2.1-4. It is the rubric here which we are to follow rather than a wooden adherence to the form. Obviously, Christians today should not be praying for the "Queen of Bohemia," who is long-deceased, much less is this a forward-thinking reference to the famous rhapsody by an English rock band. The principle is that we ought to pray by name for those in authority over us, as the Westminster Divines have illustrated with concrete examples in this text. Americans do well to pray for the President, Congress, Supreme Court Justices, your Governor and others in positions of leadership. But just who is this "Queen of Bohemia," and the others here mentioned? For the historically curious, I have researched the information below and inserted hyperlinks in the text if anyone wishes to delve deeper into these historical personages. Remember that the Directory was published in 1645.

• King -- King Charles I (1600-1649), son of King James VI of Scotland/I of England. His tyranny over the church led to the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. He was defeated following the First English Civil War (1642-1645), and ultimately, he was executed by Parliament in 1649. Yet, in this prayer, the Divines advise Christians to pray "that God would make him rich in blessings, both in his person and government; establish his throne in religion and righteousness, save him from evil counsel, and make him a blessed and glorious instrument for the conservation and propagation of the gospel, for the encouragement and protection of them that do well, the terror of all that do evil, and the great good of the whole church, and of all his kingdoms," which is a lesson for us in how to pray for an ungodly magistrate.

• Queen -- Henrietta Maria (Henriette-Marie) of France, Queen Consort of England (1609-1669), was the wife of King Charles I and mother of two kings, Charles II and James II. She was the daughter of King Henry IV of France, the Huguenot-turned-Catholic, and her brother would become King Louis XIII of France. She was raised a Roman Catholic, which is why the Divines instruct Christians to pray for her conversion.

• Prince -- Charles II (1630-1685) was a teen prince when the Divines were sitting at Westminster but, following his father's execution, was later crowned King of the Scots in 1651, and returned to rule Britain at the Restoration in 1660. He was a true Stuart; he is the king who enforced prelatic religious conformity in his kingdoms and inaugurated the "Killing Times" in Scotland.

• Queen of Bohemia -- Elizabeth (1596-1662) was a princess, daughter of King James VI/I and Anne of Denmark, and sister to King Charles I, as well as cousin to King Frederick III of Denmark. She married Frederick V, Elector Palatine of Germany, also known as the Winter King, for his short reign as Frederick I, King of Bohemia, which ended upon his defeat at the Battle of White Mountain (November 8, 1620), whereupon he was forced exile at The Hague. Thus, Princess Elizabeth became the "afflicted Queen of Bohemia," also known as the Winter Queen.

• Prince Charles, Elector Palatine of the Rhine -- Charles Louis (Karl Ludwig) (1617-1680) was the son of Frederick V and Elizabeth of Bohemia, making him the nephew of King Charles I. He was a particular friend of the English Puritans, even appearing once at the sitting of the Westminster Assembly, and was allowed to speak, thanking the Divines for remembering him and his family in the Directory's proposed prayer.

And here are the hyperlinks for more information:

To pray for all in authority, especially for the King's Majesty; that God would make him rich in blessings, both in his person and government; establish his throne in religion and righteousness, save him from evil counsel, and make him a blessed and glorious instrument for the conservation and propagation of the gospel, for the encouragement and protection of them that do well, the terror of all that do evil, and the great good of the whole church, and of all his kingdoms; for the conversion of the Queen, the religious education of the Prince, and the rest of the royal seed; for the comforting of the afflicted Queen of Bohemia, sister to our Sovereign; and for the restitution and establishment of the illustrious Prince Charles, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, to all his dominions and dignities; for a blessing upon the High Court of Parliament, (when sitting in any of these kingdoms respectively,) the nobility, the subordinate judges and magistrates, the gentry, and all the commonality; for all pastors and teachers, that God would fill them with his Spirit, make them exemplarily holy, sober, just, peaceable, and gracious in their lives; sound, faithful, and powerful in their ministry; and follow all their labours with abundance of success and blessing; and give unto all his people pastors according to his own heart; for the universities, and all schools and religious seminaries of church and commonwealth, that they may flourish more and more in learning and piety; for the particular city or congregation, that God would pour out a blessing upon the ministry of the word, sacraments, and discipline, upon the civil government, and all the several families and persons therein; for mercy to the afflicted under any inward or outward distress; for seasonable weather, and fruitful seasons, as the time may require; for averting the judgments that we either feel or fear, or are liable unto as famine, pestilence, the sword, and such like.